Peer review

Overview

Peer review is the process by which experts evaluate a piece of research before or after it is published. Reviewers assess the soundness of the methods, the strength of the evidence, and the clarity of the writing.

Models of peer review

• Single-blind — reviewers know the authors, but not vice versa.
• Double-blind — neither side knows the other's identity.
• Open review — identities and reports are public.

Strengths and limits

Peer review can catch errors and improve clarity, but it is not a guarantee of correctness. Open and post-publication review aim to make the process more transparent and continuous.